日本为了避免流经城市的大江大河因发生特大洪水引起决堤而产生毁灭性的灾害，从1987年起开始申报并实施高规格提防（也称超级堤防）整治事业．所谓高规格堤防，就是在流经城市河流的一系列特性区段建造宽幅、高标准的堤防．堤防顶宽一般约为堤高的30倍左右．在堤顶区域内侧的 Japan began to declare and implement the High-Level Defense (also known as Super Dyke) remediation project since 1987 in order to prevent devastating calamities caused by the catastrophic failure of major rivers flowing through the city. The so-called high-profile dikes mean the construction of a wide and high standard of dikes in a series of characteristic sections flowing through urban rivers. Embankment top width is generally about 30 times the dike height. Inside the embankment area