目的:对1例输入性疑似疟疾患者的血样进行实验室检测。方法:首先制备血涂片,吉姆萨染色后镜检疟原虫;其次对血样进行RDT检测;最后利用疟原虫属特异性(通用型)和4种疟原虫种特异性的巢式PCR,对该血样进行分子生物学检测及分型。结果:镜检结果为三日疟原虫,RDT结果为非恶性疟感染。巢式PCR检测结果,仅扩增出预期大小约140 bp的三日疟条带。结论:综合巢式PCR、RDT和镜检等检测结果,确诊该患者为三日疟原虫感染。 Objective: To test the blood samples of one case of suspected malaria patients. Methods: The blood smears were prepared firstly, the plasmodium was detected after Giemsa staining, followed by RDT on the blood samples. Finally, the nested PCR of Plasmodium-specific (universal) and four Plasmodium species-specific Blood samples for molecular biology detection and typing. Results: The result of microscopic examination was Plasmodium malaria and the RDT was non-falciparum malaria infection. The result of nested PCR only amplified three-day-old malaria bands with the expected size of about 140 bp. Conclusion: Based on the results of nested PCR, RDT and microscopic examination, the patient was confirmed as Plasmodium malariae infection.