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目的了解昆明市拓东街道居民狂犬病暴露风险、暴露处置认知及接种率。方法收集2012—2015年Ⅱ级及以上狂犬病暴露病例、一犬伤多人事件信息、宿主动物监测密度和接种率及暴露病例接种率,对暴露病例进行问卷调查,并分城区、城乡结合部比较各指标差异。结果狂犬病总暴露率为869/10万,城区暴露率为629/10万,低于城乡结合部的1 197/10万(P<0.05)。城区平均宿主动物监测密度为3.29/100人,低于城乡结合部的4.17/100人(P<0.05),城区宿主动物累计接种率为14.08%,高于城乡结合部的5.71%(P<0.05)。城区暴露处置总知晓率为47.33%,高于城乡结合部的32.81%(P<0.05)。Ⅱ级暴露狂犬疫苗接种率为97.40%,Ⅲ级暴露狂犬疫苗接种率为100.00%。Ⅲ级暴露免疫球蛋白接种率为13.76%,其中城区免疫球蛋白接种率为19.87%,高于城乡结合部的9.96%(P<0.05)。结论拓东街道城乡结合部居民狂犬病暴露率较高,宿主动物密度较大,暴露处置知晓率及免疫接种率较低,应加强预防狂犬病宣传教育,以降低狂犬病暴露和发病风险。
Objective To understand the risk of rabies exposure, exposure and disposal of cognition and vaccination rate of Tuodong streets in Kunming. Methods A total of 11 rabies-exposed cases, a multi-person event with a canine crush, host monitoring density and vaccination coverage and exposure coverage were collected from 2012 to 2015. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the exposed cases. Differences between the indicators. Results The total rabies exposure rate was 869/100000, and the urban exposure rate was 629/100000, which was lower than 1 197/10 million (P <0.05) in urban-rural areas. The average density of host animals in urban areas was 3.29 per 100 persons, lower than 4.17 per 100 persons in urban-rural areas (P <0.05). The cumulative vaccination rate of host animals in urban areas was 14.08%, which was higher than that of urban-rural combination areas (5.71%) ). The total exposure rate of urban areas was 47.33%, which was higher than that of urban-rural areas (32.81%, P <0.05). Grade II rabies vaccination coverage rate was 97.40%, grade III rabies vaccination rate was 100.00%. The grade III exposure immunoglobulin inoculation rate was 13.76%, of which immunoglobulin inoculation rate was 19.87% in urban area, which was 9.96% higher than that in urban-rural area (P <0.05). Conclusion The rate of rabies exposure, the density of host animals, the exposure rate and vaccination rate of inhabitants in the junction of urban and rural areas in Tuodong Sub-district are higher. Publicity and education on rabies prevention should be strengthened to reduce the risk of rabies exposure and incidence.