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目的探讨原发性遗尿症(PNE)患儿自我意识及其相关因素,了解可能出现自我意识障碍的PNE患儿的特点,分析PNE患儿出现自我意识障碍的相关因素。方法选择2011年8月至2014年8月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院遗尿门诊确诊为PNE的7~15岁158例患儿作为研究对象,用主观一般情况调查表收集患儿的一般情况,采集患儿的遗尿病史并采用儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)对患儿进行自我意识调查,将自我意识结果与中国常模进行比较,评估患儿的自我意识水平。结果 PNE患儿自我意识低下的检出率明显高于全国常模PNE男孩自我意识量表的行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性因子分和总分低于女孩,男孩自我意识障碍的检出率高于女孩;高年龄组PNE患儿自我意识量表各因子分和总分均低于低年龄组患儿;单亲家庭PNE患儿自我意识量表的幸福与满足因子分低于核心家庭和大家庭的患儿;家庭关系一般或差的PNE患儿自我意识水平低;家庭经济状况中等或差的PNE患儿在躯体外貌与属性、合群、幸福与满足因子及总分得分明显低于家庭经济状况好的患儿;学习成绩及同伴关系越差,患儿自我意识量表各因子分和总分越低;上述结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PNE患儿较一般儿童的自我意识水平低下,要积极治疗遗尿症,减少自我意识障碍的发生。
Objective To investigate the self-awareness and its related factors in children with primary enuresis (PNE) and to find out the characteristics of children with PNE who may have self-consciousness disorder and to analyze the related factors of self-consciousness disorder in children with PNE. METHODS: From August 2011 to August 2014, 158 children aged 7-15 years with PNE diagnosed as enrolled in the out-patient department of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled in this study. The subjective general situation questionnaire was used to collect the general situation of children, The history of enuresis in children was collected and the children’s self-awareness survey was conducted with Children’s Self-Consciousness Scale (PHCSS). The self-awareness results were compared with those of Chinese norm to evaluate the children’s self-awareness. Results The detection rate of self-awareness in PNE children was significantly higher than that in PNE boys self-awareness scale in China. Intelligence and school conditions, physical appearance, attributes and scores were lower than those of boys and girls with self-awareness disorder The rate of self-esteem scale of PNE children in high-age group was lower than that in low-age group. The self-awareness scale of PNE children in single-parent family had lower happiness and satisfaction scores than those of core family Children with PNE in general or poor family relationships had lower level of self-awareness; PNE children with moderate or poor family economic status had significantly lower body appearance and attributes, cohesiveness, happiness and satisfaction scores and total scores Children with good family financial status; the worse the academic performance and peer relationships were, the lower the score and the total score of children’s self-esteem scales were; the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Children with PNE have lower level of self-awareness than normal children, and should actively treat enuresis and reduce the incidence of self-awareness.