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以唐搜主编的《现代文学史》和陈思和主编的《中国当代文学史教程》两本在其各自时代有典型代表性的文学史为例，通过一种互文的阅读来考察“阶级论”与“人性论”的文学史构建，探讨近半个世纪以来“作为一门学科”的现当代文学史写作的得与失，并借此试图反思当下文学批评流行的某些观念与方法。从文学史范型看，前者是一种实践的理论，是革命实践的文学史表征；后者则是一种理论的实践，是人性论的文学史写作实践。“,”By taking The History of Modem Literature, edited by TANG Tao, and The Course of History of Chinese Contemporary Literature, edited by CHEN Si -he, as examples to study the literature history structure of ＂Theory of Class＂ and ＂ Theory of Human Nature,＂ the author approaches the gains and losses of contemporary literature history writing in recent half a century in order to rethink some popular ideas and methods in literature criticism. From the pattern of literature history view point, the former is a kind of practi- cal theory and literature history characterization of revolutionary practice, while the latter is a kind of theoretical practice and literature history writing practice of personality theory.