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一、前言 现场观测是获得自然界物理过程规律性信息的基本手段,对地声,地震这种地球物理学领域的研究,现场观测占有更显著的地位。 地声现场观测总是在环境干扰背景下进行的。在地震活动的平静期,地下岩层中岩石随机微破裂形成的声发射,以及在自然界和人类社会中的各种噪声源,构成地声现场观测的基本干扰背景,我们称之为环境地声。 现场观测表明,时域内环境地声过程是一个平稳的有色随机序列。地声信号,尤其是弱P波,常常被环境地声淹没,抑制环境地声,加强地声异常信号的优势,对地声信号检测、声源定位、信息提取都是极为重要的。
I. Introduction On-site observation is the basic means of obtaining the regular information of the physical processes in the natural world. It has a more prominent position in the field of geophysics such as earth acoustics and earthquakes, and on-site observations. Earthwatch field observations are always carried out in the context of environmental interference. During the quiet period of seismicity, the acoustic emission formed by random micro-cracks of rock in underground rock strata, and various noise sources in nature and human society constitute the basic interference background of the site observation of earth accent, which we call environmental sound. The field observations show that the ambient acoustic process in the time domain is a stationary colored random sequence. Ground signals, especially weak P waves, are often submerged by the environment, suppressing the ambient sound and strengthening the advantages of the ground-sound abnormal signals. They are very important for detecting ground acoustic signals, locating sound sources and extracting information.