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跨国地下水是国际水域的重要组成部分。跨国地下水本身的特点需要制定适合其特性的专门法规。从20世纪20年代到现在,逐渐形成了一系列跨国地下水开发利用的条约和规则,这些条约和规则对跨国地下水的开发利用和保护具有一定的积极意义。但是,由于在确定地下水的法律制度方面,有一系列理论问题尚未受到重视,因此,关于跨国地下水现有的立法存在一定缺陷。制定公平和合理利用跨国地下水资源的双边和多边条约、重视跨国地下水与地表水的整体性、建立专门的跨国地下水管理组织规范等是完善跨国地下水立法的重要内容。
Transboundary groundwater is an important part of international waters. The characteristics of transboundary groundwater itself need to be tailored to the specific regulations that govern its characteristics. From the 1920s to the present, a series of treaties and rules for the development and utilization of transboundary groundwater have been gradually formed, and these treaties and rules are of certain positive significance for the development, utilization and protection of transboundary groundwater. However, due to a series of theoretical problems in determining the legal system of groundwater, the existing legislation on transboundary groundwater has some defects. The development of bilateral and multilateral treaties on the fair and rational use of transboundary groundwater resources, emphasis on the integrity of transboundary groundwater and surface water, and establishment of a special transnational groundwater management organization are all important elements in perfecting transboundary groundwater legislation.