从新中国成立到中日复交前,日本多数首相是“两个中国”论者,日本多届内阁奉行了“两个中国”政策,只是表现或露骨或隐晦而已。这一政策既是导致日本长期成为“台独”活动的大本营和中日邦交正常化迟迟不能实现的重要原因之一,也出人意料地为中日复交后的日本朝野右翼所沿袭,继续干扰两岸统一和阻挠中日关系的发展。本文就迄今尚未系统梳理的从吉田茂到佐藤荣作五位日本首相及其内阁的“两个中国”政策进行纵向考察,对认识和把握今天台湾问题中的日本因素及其政策源头和来龙去脉,不无裨益。 Prior to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China from the founding of New China to the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, most of Japan’s prime ministers are “two Chinas” theorists. Many of Japan’s cabinet adopted the “two Chinas” policy and are only manifestly demoralized or obscure. This policy is not only one of the important reasons leading to Japan’s long-term existence of “Taiwan’s independence” activities and the delay in normalizing the diplomatic relations between China and Japan, but also surprisingly follows the right-wing Japanese government and the opposition after the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Japan and continues to disrupt the cross-Strait relations Unification and obstruction of the development of Sino-Japanese relations. This paper examines the “two Chinas” policies of the five Japanese prime ministers and their cabinet from Yoshida Yoshihiro to Sato Yoshinori who have not systematically sorted out so far. It is of great significance to understand and grasp the Japanese factors and their policy sources in the Taiwan issue today A context, not without benefit.