自从纤维内窥镜在25年前问世以来,它已从单纯用于消化系疾病的诊断发展到替代部分手术治疗。可以预期,今后内窥镜不仅对疾病状态的描述,也将为胃肠系疾病的生理和病理生理以及细胞形态和细胞动力学的研究发挥作用。近四年来,食管胃十二指肠镜及内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影在诊断和治疗中的应用有若干显 Since the advent of fiber endoscopy 25 years ago, it has evolved from a mere diagnosis of digestive diseases to alternative partial surgeries. It is expected that in the future endoscopy will not only describe the state of the disease, but also will play a role in the study of the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the gastrointestinal diseases as well as the cell morphology and cellular dynamics. The past four years, esophageal and duodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis and treatment of a number of significant applications