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欧洲多层级问的基本权利保障制度是欧洲区别于其他地区人权保障的特征。本文重点研究了欧盟法和《欧洲人权公约》在多层级体制下的交互性关系。欧盟法和欧洲人权公约有着特征和效力上的不同,前者在成员国法律体系中有着优先效力和直接效力,而人权公约只对各国基本权利保障起到辅助性的作用。然而,为了共同促进欧洲基本权利一体化,两者之间形成了密切的关系。首先,《欧盟基本权利宪章》一半以上的权利都来源于人权公约。其次,欧洲法院在人权案件的审理过程中系统性地移植人权法院的案例。人权法院也经常通过引用欧盟法律体系指令或是判例作为法官判决的依据。但是,两者有着密切的联系仍不能完全消除发生冲突和彼此减损对方法律体系确定的风险。
The multi-level European system of protection of basic rights is characteristic of European protection of human rights from other regions. This article focuses on the interactive relationship between EU law and the European Convention on Human Rights under a multi-tiered system. The EU law and the European Convention on Human Rights have the characteristics and effectiveness differences. The former has the priority and direct effect in the legal system of member countries. The convention on human rights only plays an auxiliary role in guaranteeing the fundamental rights of all countries. However, in order to jointly promote the integration of fundamental rights in Europe, the two have formed a close relationship. First of all, more than half of the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights comes from human rights conventions. Second, the European Court systematically transplants cases of human rights courts in the course of hearing human rights cases. Human rights courts often make judgments of judges by citing EU law directives or jurisprudence. However, the close relationship between the two still does not completely eliminate the risk of conflicts and derogations from one another’s legal system.