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“9·11”事件以后,世界学术界关于伊斯兰教同现代社会的关系的评论急剧增多,各种观点迥异,争论激烈。然而,其中鲜有运用马克思的相关论述作出中肯的分析的。美国学者彼得·胡迪斯(Peter Hudis)在他提交给2004年3月纽约世界社会主义学者大会的论文《马克思在穆斯林中间》中,通过对马克思《马·科瓦列夫斯基〈公社土地占有制,其解体的原因、进程和结果〉一书摘要》的解读,对这个问题作了富有启发性的回答。胡迪斯指出,马克思晚年通过对东方的穆斯林社会的研究,改变了自己的早期观点,不再认为殖民侵略是客观上的历史进步,并且批判地把那里的公社土地所有制看作可以通向新社会的基础,还认为非欧洲社会的历史进程要用本土的范畴而非输入的欧洲的范畴来解释。马克思明显表现出对穆斯林生活方式的尊敬,但同时指出穆斯林社会也需要革命运动。文章摘译如下。
After the “September 11 Incident”, the world academic critics on the relationship between Islam and modern society have witnessed a sharp increase in critique and controversy. However, there are few relevant analyzes of the use of Marx to make a fair analysis. In his paper “Marx in the midst of Muslims” presented by the American scholar Peter Hudis to the March 2004 World Socialist Scholars Conference in New York City, American scholar Peter Hudis, through his study of Marx’s “Mark Kovalevsky Commune Land Possession, the reasons for its dissolution, the process and results of a book summary, ”an interpretation of this issue made an illuminating answer to this question. Hu Disi pointed out that in his later years, Marx changed his earlier viewpoints through the study of the Muslim community in the East. He no longer considered the colonial aggression as objective historical progress and critically viewed the communal land ownership there as a gateway to new Social basis, but also that the historical process in non-European societies should be explained in terms of indigenous categories rather than the European categories entered. Marx clearly demonstrated respect for the Muslim way of life, but at the same time pointed out that Muslim society also needs a revolutionary movement. The article is excerpted below.