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[摘 要] 根據《2021年湖北省普通高等学校招收中等职业学校毕业生技能高考文化综合考试大纲》，学生要求熟练掌握并能运用六个时态：一般过去时、过去进行时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和一般将来时。因为时态是中职生的难点，所以进行了一个为期八课时的单组单因素实验，在实验中通过熟背六组例句来掌握六个时态，通过前后测成绩的显著性分析得出结论：熟记六组例句有助于识别六个时态。
[关 键 词] 技能高考;时态;研究
[中图分类号] G712 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 2096-0603（2021）21-0180-02
根据《2021年湖北省普通高等学校招收中等职业学校毕业生技能高考文化综合考试大纲》，学生要求熟练掌握并能运用六个时态：一般过去时、过去进行时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和一般将来时。概括起来就是过去的两种时态，现在的三种时态，未来的一种时态。
虽然这六个时态在初中就学过，但是中职学生并不能准确识别六个时态，更别说写出它们之间的关系、谓语形式和具体的应用了。针对这个现状，本人做了一个实验研究。
实验模式：单组单因素模式。
实验假说：熟记六组例句有助于识别六个时态。
自变量：六组例句;因变量：学生对六个时态的识别。
一、单组实验对象
2018级计算机（1）班，班级有40名学生，其中女生15人，男生25人，学生普遍学习积极性不够高，尤其是男生，少数几个女生积极性较高。为了组织方便，全班分为6个小组，每组6～7个人，按照性别和成绩平行分组。
二、实验时间
2020—2021学年上学期，这是他们高三年级的上学期。总课时为八课时，总跨度为一个月，因为一周只有两课时，其中每个时态用时一节课，前测和后测各一课时。每周有两节课，一月共八课时。
三、实验方案
（一）前测
时态小测试（前测）
姓名：___________分数：__________
1.请翻译下列句子（3分），2.写出时态名称（3分）;3.划出谓语动词（___）（3分）;4.划出时间状语（[ ]）（3分）。
1.The boys often play football on Sundays.
2.I am going to visit my grandparents next week.
3.Your son has already grown up.
4.Look，the couple are having a walk around the lake now.
5.Jane needed to earn some money last year.
6.Mr. Black was working in his office this time yesterday.
7.I shall write you a letter next month.
8.There will be less fresh water in the future.
9.Our parents took us to India last weekend.
10.She has taught us since I came to this school.
（二）学习六种时态
六种时态的用法、谓语构成、时间状语这里不用详述，每个时态用七个句子作为例句，这七个例句代表陈述句的肯定和否定形式，一般疑问句和不同成分提问的特殊疑问句，为了让学生有情景感，都用组长的名字作句子主语，这里为了简便一律用Tom，七个例句如下：
1.一般现在时
①Tom often studies English.
②Tom doesn’t often study English.
③Does Tom often study English？
④Who often studies English？
⑤What does Tom often do？
⑥What does Tom often study？
⑦How often does Tom study English？
2.现在进行时
①Tom is studying English now.
②Tom isn’t studying English now.
③Is Tom studying English now？
④Who is studying English now？
⑤What is Tom doing now？
⑥What is Tom studying now？ 3.现在完成时
①Tom has studied English for 8 years.
②Tom hasn’t studied English for 8 years.
③Has Tom studied English for 8 years？
④Who has studied English for 8 years？
⑤What has Tom done for 8 years？
⑥What has Tom studied for 8 years？
⑦How long has Tom studied English？
4.一般过去时
①Tom studied English yesterday.
②Tom didn’t study English yesterday.
③Did Tom study English yesterday？
④Who studied English yesterday？
⑤What did Tom do yesterday？
⑥What did Tom study yesterday？
⑦When did Tom study English？
5.过去进行时
①Tom was studying English this time yesterday.
②Tom wasn’t studying English this time yesterday.
③Was Tom studying English this time yesterday？
④Who was studying English this time yesterday？
⑤What was Tom doing this time yesterday？
⑥What was Tom studying this time yesterday？
⑦When was Tom studying English？
6.一般将来时
谓语动词三种形式：will+动词原形;shall+动词原形;be going to+动词原形。
①Tom will study English tomorrow.
②Tom won’t study English tomorrow.
③Will Tom study English tomorrow？
④Who will study English tomorrow？
⑤What will Tom do tomorrow？
⑥What will Tom study tomorrow？
⑦When will Tom study English？
（三）复习巩固
每天用五分钟把这六个肯定陈述句背诵一遍，背诵顺序为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、和一般将来时。
（四）后测
前测主要是陈述句，后测除了陈述句，还有一般疑问句和特殊疑问句，后测比前测稍微难一点，这也是为了避免受前测的影响。
时态小测试（后测）
姓名：___________分数：__________
1.请翻译下列句子（3分），2.写出时态名称（3分）;3.划出谓语动词（___）（3分）;4.划出时间状语（[ ]）（3分）。
1.Does the boy often play football？
2.Will Tom visit his grandparents next week？
3.We haven’t grown up yet.
4.Who are having a walk around the lake now？
5.Jane needed to earn some money.
6.What was Black doing in his office this time yesterday？
7.When shall we have a party？
8.Will there be less fresh water in the future？
9.Our parents took us to India last weekend.
10.She has taught us since I came to this school.
四、前测成绩和后测成绩T检验
全班40人，有的人缺考，有的人两次都是零分，剔除8个异常成绩后，全班有32个有效成绩，前测成绩为X1，后测成绩为X2，T检验结果如下：
由样本数据可得，样本容量为32，X2-X1的均值为11.21875，X2-X1的标准差为12.7803639。作原假设为单侧假设检验，取显著性水平0.05，得到检验统计量为4.96565153，显著性水平为0.05，单侧T检验的临界值为1.6955，原假设的拒绝域为（1.6955，+∞）。在原假设下，由该批样本得到的统计量观察值落在拒绝域中，所以在0.95置信度下，我们认为后测成绩显著大于前测成绩。
五、结论
在2018级计算机（1）班用八课时的时间通过单组单因素实验学习六个时态，前测和后测成绩通过T检验，显示后测成绩显著大于前测成绩，显著性水平为0.05，所以熟记六组例句有助于识别六个时态。
参考文献：
[1]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英语 七年级上册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2013-06.
[2]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英语 七年级下册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2012-10.
[3]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英語 八年级上册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2013-06.
[4]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英语 八年级下册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2013-10.
[5]杨凤玲，张百春，白兰.技能高考 中职英语 高考考点大能关[M].南京：南京出版社，2016-08.
编辑 薛直艳
[关 键 词] 技能高考;时态;研究
[中图分类号] G712 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 2096-0603（2021）21-0180-02
根据《2021年湖北省普通高等学校招收中等职业学校毕业生技能高考文化综合考试大纲》，学生要求熟练掌握并能运用六个时态：一般过去时、过去进行时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和一般将来时。概括起来就是过去的两种时态，现在的三种时态，未来的一种时态。
虽然这六个时态在初中就学过，但是中职学生并不能准确识别六个时态，更别说写出它们之间的关系、谓语形式和具体的应用了。针对这个现状，本人做了一个实验研究。
实验模式：单组单因素模式。
实验假说：熟记六组例句有助于识别六个时态。
自变量：六组例句;因变量：学生对六个时态的识别。
一、单组实验对象
2018级计算机（1）班，班级有40名学生，其中女生15人，男生25人，学生普遍学习积极性不够高，尤其是男生，少数几个女生积极性较高。为了组织方便，全班分为6个小组，每组6～7个人，按照性别和成绩平行分组。
二、实验时间
2020—2021学年上学期，这是他们高三年级的上学期。总课时为八课时，总跨度为一个月，因为一周只有两课时，其中每个时态用时一节课，前测和后测各一课时。每周有两节课，一月共八课时。
三、实验方案
（一）前测
时态小测试（前测）
姓名：___________分数：__________
1.请翻译下列句子（3分），2.写出时态名称（3分）;3.划出谓语动词（___）（3分）;4.划出时间状语（[ ]）（3分）。
1.The boys often play football on Sundays.
2.I am going to visit my grandparents next week.
3.Your son has already grown up.
4.Look，the couple are having a walk around the lake now.
5.Jane needed to earn some money last year.
6.Mr. Black was working in his office this time yesterday.
7.I shall write you a letter next month.
8.There will be less fresh water in the future.
9.Our parents took us to India last weekend.
10.She has taught us since I came to this school.
（二）学习六种时态
六种时态的用法、谓语构成、时间状语这里不用详述，每个时态用七个句子作为例句，这七个例句代表陈述句的肯定和否定形式，一般疑问句和不同成分提问的特殊疑问句，为了让学生有情景感，都用组长的名字作句子主语，这里为了简便一律用Tom，七个例句如下：
1.一般现在时
①Tom often studies English.
②Tom doesn’t often study English.
③Does Tom often study English？
④Who often studies English？
⑤What does Tom often do？
⑥What does Tom often study？
⑦How often does Tom study English？
2.现在进行时
①Tom is studying English now.
②Tom isn’t studying English now.
③Is Tom studying English now？
④Who is studying English now？
⑤What is Tom doing now？
⑥What is Tom studying now？ 3.现在完成时
①Tom has studied English for 8 years.
②Tom hasn’t studied English for 8 years.
③Has Tom studied English for 8 years？
④Who has studied English for 8 years？
⑤What has Tom done for 8 years？
⑥What has Tom studied for 8 years？
⑦How long has Tom studied English？
4.一般过去时
①Tom studied English yesterday.
②Tom didn’t study English yesterday.
③Did Tom study English yesterday？
④Who studied English yesterday？
⑤What did Tom do yesterday？
⑥What did Tom study yesterday？
⑦When did Tom study English？
5.过去进行时
①Tom was studying English this time yesterday.
②Tom wasn’t studying English this time yesterday.
③Was Tom studying English this time yesterday？
④Who was studying English this time yesterday？
⑤What was Tom doing this time yesterday？
⑥What was Tom studying this time yesterday？
⑦When was Tom studying English？
6.一般将来时
谓语动词三种形式：will+动词原形;shall+动词原形;be going to+动词原形。
①Tom will study English tomorrow.
②Tom won’t study English tomorrow.
③Will Tom study English tomorrow？
④Who will study English tomorrow？
⑤What will Tom do tomorrow？
⑥What will Tom study tomorrow？
⑦When will Tom study English？
（三）复习巩固
每天用五分钟把这六个肯定陈述句背诵一遍，背诵顺序为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、和一般将来时。
（四）后测
前测主要是陈述句，后测除了陈述句，还有一般疑问句和特殊疑问句，后测比前测稍微难一点，这也是为了避免受前测的影响。
时态小测试（后测）
姓名：___________分数：__________
1.请翻译下列句子（3分），2.写出时态名称（3分）;3.划出谓语动词（___）（3分）;4.划出时间状语（[ ]）（3分）。
1.Does the boy often play football？
2.Will Tom visit his grandparents next week？
3.We haven’t grown up yet.
4.Who are having a walk around the lake now？
5.Jane needed to earn some money.
6.What was Black doing in his office this time yesterday？
7.When shall we have a party？
8.Will there be less fresh water in the future？
9.Our parents took us to India last weekend.
10.She has taught us since I came to this school.
四、前测成绩和后测成绩T检验
全班40人，有的人缺考，有的人两次都是零分，剔除8个异常成绩后，全班有32个有效成绩，前测成绩为X1，后测成绩为X2，T检验结果如下：
由样本数据可得，样本容量为32，X2-X1的均值为11.21875，X2-X1的标准差为12.7803639。作原假设为单侧假设检验，取显著性水平0.05，得到检验统计量为4.96565153，显著性水平为0.05，单侧T检验的临界值为1.6955，原假设的拒绝域为（1.6955，+∞）。在原假设下，由该批样本得到的统计量观察值落在拒绝域中，所以在0.95置信度下，我们认为后测成绩显著大于前测成绩。
五、结论
在2018级计算机（1）班用八课时的时间通过单组单因素实验学习六个时态，前测和后测成绩通过T检验，显示后测成绩显著大于前测成绩，显著性水平为0.05，所以熟记六组例句有助于识别六个时态。
参考文献：
[1]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英语 七年级上册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2013-06.
[2]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英语 七年级下册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2012-10.
[3]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英語 八年级上册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2013-06.
[4]刘道义，郑旺全.David Nunan.义务教育教科书 英语 八年级下册[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2013-10.
[5]杨凤玲，张百春，白兰.技能高考 中职英语 高考考点大能关[M].南京：南京出版社，2016-08.
编辑 薛直艳