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鉴定遗留于犯罪现场生物斑痕的体液来源判定对犯罪现场的重建至关重要。然而,传统的体液鉴定方法灵敏度各异、需要检材量大、周期长、一次只能验证一种体液。近年来,检测细胞特异性表达的信使RNA(m RNA)的分析方法被提出替代传统的体液鉴定方法。自2011年起,欧洲DNA分型工作组(the European DNA Profiling Group,EDNAP)开展了一系列旨在评估m RNA分型在体液鉴定中的有效性和再现性的合作研究。与传统方法相比,m RNA分型主要的优势在于高灵敏度、高特异度、在同一个复合反应中检测多种体液的能力,以及兼容目前DNA提取、分析流程。本文综述了m RNA分型技术的发展并探讨其在法医学体液鉴定中的应用及前景。
Identification of sources of bodily fluids that leave biological marks on the scene of the crime is crucial to the reconstruction of the crime scene. However, the traditional methods for identification of body fluids have different sensitivities and require large sample sizes and long periods, and can only verify one body fluid at a time. In recent years, analytical methods for detecting cell-specific expression of messenger RNA (m RNA) have been proposed to replace the traditional methods of body fluid identification. Since 2011, the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) has conducted a series of collaborative studies aimed at assessing the effectiveness and reproducibility of m RNA typing in the identification of body fluids. Compared with the traditional methods, the main advantage of m RNA typing is its high sensitivity, high specificity, the ability to detect multiple bodily fluids in the same complex reaction, and compatible with current DNA extraction and analysis procedures. This review summarizes the development of m RNA typing technology and discusses its application and foreground in forensic fluid identification.