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通过连续4年定位大田试验,研究基于紫云英利用下的不同化肥施用方法对水稻产量及稻谷经济效益、氮素累积量以及土壤碳氮含量的影响。结果表明:①在紫云英利用(22 500 kg/hm2)下,与农民习惯施肥处理相比,化肥施用时间适当后移可以提高水稻两季总产量,其中减少20%和40%化肥施用量处理比基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3处理分别增产2.37%和3.34%,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为0∶7∶3处理的增产效果次之;②紫云英利用后化肥施用时间适当后移可增加水稻产值,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3的处理能增加水稻年平均产值3.0%,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为0∶7∶3的处理增加年平均产值的效果次之;③化肥施用时间适当后移可提高水稻氮素累积总量、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素偏生产力及氮素收获指数,其中基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3处理提高水稻氮素累积总量、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素偏生产力及氮素收获指数的作用最好;④化肥施用时间适当后移还可提高土壤碳和全氮含量,其中基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3处理的效果最佳。综合比较以上结果,认为紫云英利用后化肥施用时间可适当后移,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3的施肥方法既能提高水稻产量,又能提升土壤肥力。
Through field experiments for 4 years, the effects of different chemical fertilizers on the economic benefits of rice, nitrogen accumulation and soil carbon and nitrogen content were studied based on the application of different chemical fertilizers. The results showed that: (1) With the application of Astragalus sinicus (22 500 kg / hm2), the appropriate fertilizer application time shifted the total yield of rice in two seasons compared with that of peasants, 20% and 40% of chemical fertilizer The ratio of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and strong seed fertilizer was 0:7:3, followed by the treatment of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and strong seed fertilizer, respectively, with the ratio of 3: 4: 3 being 2.37% and 3.34% ② The use of time-appropriate fertilization of Astragalus sinicus can increase the output value of rice, and the treatment of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and strong seed fertilizer with the mass ratio of 3: 4: 3 can increase the average annual output value of rice by 3.0%, basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, Fertilizer quality ratio of 0: 7: 3 treatment to increase the average annual output value of the second; ③ fertilizer application time appropriate to move back can increase the total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen production efficiency of rice, nitrogen partial production and nitrogen Harvest index, among which, the ratio of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and strong seed fertilizer was 3: 4: 3, and the effect of improving the total amount of nitrogen accumulation, the efficiency of nitrogen paddy production, the yield of nitrogen byproduct and the index of nitrogen harvest was the best; ④ Appropriate fertilizer application time after the move can also increase soil carbon and total nitrogen Content, of which base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, strong seedling fertilizer ratio of 3: 4: 3 treatment best. Based on the above results, we think that the time of applying the chemical fertilizer can be shifted backwards. The fertilization method with 3: 4: 3 mass ratio of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and strong seed fertilizer not only can increase the yield of rice, but also improve the soil fertility.