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1.工程心理学是研究“人——技术”系统(1),使之发挥高度效率的科学,它为下述问题提供心理学根据: ——技术管理工艺过程的组织的结构; ——为一定的技术作业,选拔在个体心理职业重要素质方面具有必要水平的人; ——对在劳动活动中使用复杂技术装置的人员的职业培训; 工程心理学这门科学具有双重性。一方面,它是一门研究人在劳动过程中的整个心理表现的独立的心理科学。另一方面,工程心理学还包含着涉及技术结构的技术和工程问题。这些特点是由工程心理学的研究对象——“人——技术”系统本质上双重性决定的。 注解(1)“人——技术”系统是作为概括性的概念而运用的。既可以认为它是包括一个人或几个技术装置的系统,也可以把它看做几个人和一些技术的装置的系统。 工程心理学的研究对象的这种双重性,产生了一系列独特的方法论特点。此外,还应注意到,任何一个“人——技术”系统都是生产力这一大系统中的独特的微成分。所以,“人——技术”系统表现出许多生产力发展的一般规律,诸如生产力受到物质的(首先是技术的)和主观的(人的)因素制约。
1. Engineering psychology is a science that studies the “human-technology” system (1) to make it highly efficient. It provides psychology evidence for the following issues: - The structure of the organization in which technology manages the process; A certain degree of technical assignments and the selection of individuals who have the necessary level of quality in the individual’s psychology profession; - vocational training of personnel using complex technical installations in labor activities; and engineering psychology, a science that has a dual character. On the one hand, it is an independent psychological science that studies the entire psychological performance of people in the labor process. Engineering psychology, on the other hand, also contains technical and engineering issues that involve the structure of technology. These features are determined by the inherent duality of the “human-technology” system, which is the object of study in engineering psychology. Annotation (1) The “human-technology” system is used as a general concept. It can be considered as a system that includes one or several technical devices, or as a system of several human and technical devices. This duality of the subject of engineering psychology has produced a unique set of methodological features. In addition, it should be noted that any “human-technology” system is a unique micro-component of a large system of productivity. Therefore, the “human-technology” system shows many general laws governing the development of productivity, such as productivity constrained by material (above all technical) and subjective (human) factors.