自1967年首例川崎病(KD)报道以来,至今已有40余年,其病因和发病机制的探讨仍然是一个巨大挑战。大量流行病学资料及临床观察提示KD由感染因素引起,而且病原可能是一种自然环境中普遍存在的微生物,但目前为止还没有确定是哪一种病原体为KD的直接病因;更多学者认为KD是超抗原介导的致病过程。T淋巴细胞与B淋巴细胞介导的免疫应答与细胞因子的级联放大效应引起全身血管炎性损伤,导致急性期、恢复期甚至更久血管内皮细胞损伤及功能障碍。遗传因素在KD发生、发展中亦起到一定作用。 More than 40 years have passed since the KD report was first reported in 1967 and the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains a significant challenge. A large number of epidemiological data and clinical observations suggest that KD is caused by infectious agents, and the pathogen may be a ubiquitous microorganism in the natural environment, but so far it has not been determined which pathogen is the direct cause of KD; more scholars think KD is a superantigen-mediated pathogenic process. T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes mediated immune response and cytokine cascade amplification cause systemic vasculitis, leading to acute, convalescent or even longer vascular endothelial cell damage and dysfunction. Genetic factors in the KD occurred, the development also played a role.