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欧洲是世界上最早实行国际经济集团化的地区。自1958年欧共体组建以来,其成员国由最初的6国经过3次扩大,达到12国。在经济与政治一体化的过程中,虽然出现过许多矛盾与困难,但总的说来是步步深入的。从关税同盟、共同农业政策、共同汇率体系,到确立1992年底建成内部市场、1994年开始实行货币联盟第二阶段,从政治协商制度用“一个声音”讲话,到计划建立政治联盟。所有这些,都显示出欧共体是当今世界上一体化程度最高、最富有成效的区域经济集团。由于80和90年代之交的国际政治关系的重大变化,使欧洲区域经济集团化发展出现了新特点、新趋势。概括地说,就是欧洲区域经济集团化发展,突破了原先以“内部市场”为核心的市场一体化的构想,而朝全欧经济区的方向前进。促成这一发展新趋势的动因是:
Europe is the earliest place in the world to adopt the international economic collectivization. Since the formation of the European Community in 1958, its member states have expanded from the first six countries three times to 12. In the process of economic and political integration, although there have been many contradictions and difficulties, they are generally step by step. From the customs union, the common agricultural policy and the common exchange rate system to the establishment of the internal market by the end of 1992, the second phase of the monetary union started in 1994, the political consultation system used a “one voice” speech, and plans to establish a political coalition. All this shows that the EC is the most integrated and productive regional economic group in the world today. Due to the significant changes in the international political relations between the 80s and the 90s, new features and new trends have emerged in the collectivization of the European regional economy. In a nutshell, it is the collectivization of the regional economy in Europe, which broke through the concept of market integration originally centered on the “internal market ” and proceeded in the direction of the European Economic Area. The drivers of this new trend of development are: