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拷贝型量词是通过复制名词而形成的个体量词,拷贝方式有“全拷贝”和“半拷贝”两种。拷贝型量词主要分布在藏缅语族的一些语言中,在先秦汉语和侗台语族的一些语言中也留有遗迹。量词的产生和发展是一个语法化过程,拷贝型量词是最原始的个体量词,是量词语法化的第一步。拷贝型量词被通用的个体量词代替,是量词语法化过程的完成,标志着名量词发展的成熟。文章最后对汉藏语系名量词的产生和发展过程进行了构拟。
Copy-type quantifiers are individual quantifiers that are formed by copying nouns. There are two ways of copying: “full copy” and “half copy”. Copy-type quantifiers are mainly distributed in some languages of Tibeto-Burman languages, and some are also preserved in some languages of Pre-Qin Chinese and Kamtau. The production and development of quantifiers is a process of grammaticalization. Copy-type quantifiers are the most primitive individual quantifiers and the first step of grammaticalization of measure words. The copy-type quantifier is replaced by the universal individual quantifier, which is the completion of the grammaticalization of the quantifier, which marks the maturity of the development of the noun-quantifier. In the end, the article concludes the generation and development of noun classifiers in Chinese-Tibetan languages.