本例的特点:①4年来,长期蛋白尿;②从未有水肿、高血压等肾损害症状,体检无特殊发现,肾功能检查正常。故本例的主要问题是蛋白尿的鉴别诊断。蛋白尿可发生于发热性疾病或剧烈运动之后,称为功能性蛋白尿(Functional Proteinuria),这种蛋白尿是一过性的,一般于数日后消失,不会长期持续存在,而本例的蛋白尿已持续4年之久,故可以除外。本例主要是无症状持续性蛋白尿与体位性蛋白尿 The characteristics of this case: ① 4 years, long-term proteinuria; ② no edema, hypertension and other symptoms of kidney damage, no special physical examination, normal renal function tests. Therefore, the main problem in this case is the differential diagnosis of proteinuria. Proteinuria, which occurs after a febrile illness or strenuous exercise, is called Functional Proteinuria. This proteinuria is transient and usually disappears in a matter of days and does not persist for a long time. In this case, Proteinuria has lasted 4 years, it can be excluded. This case is mainly asymptomatic persistent proteinuria and orthostatic proteinuria