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中国稀土出口管制措施引起世界关注。美国、日本和欧盟深感不满,威胁在WTO起诉中国。除了中国之外,不少发展中国家已经在频繁使用各种形式的矿物资源出口管制措施,反映发展中国家在国际经济秩序转变的背景下,优化自身经济和贸易结构的不懈努力。出口管制措施缘起于传统贸易秩序,必将成为颠覆该秩序的契机。本文通过WTO争端裁决领域(司法)和多边谈判角度(立法)分别关注出口管制措施。本文针对出口管制措施扭曲贸易、不符合WTO纪律的指控,以及发展中国家应当援引“保护环境”和“保护不可再生自然资源”的理由予以抗辩。本文预测,今后多边谈判中发达成员将协力推动出口管制措施纳入多边规范。
China’s rare earth export control measures aroused world attention. The United States, Japan and the EU are deeply dissatisfied with the threat of prosecuting China in the WTO. In addition to China, many developing countries are already frequently using various forms of export control measures for mineral resources, reflecting the tireless efforts of developing countries to optimize their own economic and trade structures in the context of the transformation of the international economic order. Export control measures originated in the traditional trade order, will be an opportunity to subvert the order. This article focuses on export control measures through the WTO Dispute Adjudication (Justice) and Multilateral Negotiations (Legislation) respectively. In response to allegations that export control measures distort trade and do not meet WTO rules, developing countries should defend their grounds of invoking “protecting the environment” and “protecting non-renewable natural resources.” This article predicts that, in the future, developed countries in multilateral negotiations will work together to promote the integration of export control measures into multilateral norms.