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防辐射的材料常用的有铅、铁、混凝土等。随着放射性同位素的发展和广泛应用,新的防护材料也不断出现,近几年来国外也有用聚乙烯(CH_2)_n、铝、水、粉状的铅氧化物组成的大密度材料等作为防护材料。以重晶石(BaSO_4)为骨料的重混凝土是一种良好的防护材料,密度大,并具有吸收γ射线和阻止中子的性能。同时,重晶石混凝土比金属材料要便宜得多,一般重晶石混凝土的造价为铅的二十二分之一;为铁的十五分之一左右。
Radiation materials commonly used in lead, iron, concrete and so on. With the development and widespread use of radioactive isotopes, new protective materials are also emerging. In recent years, foreign countries have also used polyethylene (CH_2) _n, aluminum, water, powdered lead oxide composed of large-density materials as a protective material . Heavy concrete with barite (BaSO 4) as the aggregate is a good protective material, has a high density, and has the properties of absorbing gamma rays and preventing neutrons. At the same time, barite concrete is much cheaper than metallic materials, and generally barite concrete costs about one-twentieth of that of lead; about one-fifteenth of that of iron.