现代化产品研制、生产的主要特点是:设计的先进性,结构系统的日趋复杂和要求高度的安全可靠性,制造、测试的高质量及正确性。一颗人造地球卫星或一架现代化飞机,都是由数以万计的零组件(单元件)所组成。从系统工程的角度看,这些数量众多的零组件,在保证完成预定的运行和飞行使命方面都起着一定的作用,但是这种作用并非等量齐观的。有些零组件,例如飞机的操纵机械、发动机的高速 The main features of the development and production of modern products are: advanced design, increasingly complex structural systems, and a high degree of safety and reliability, as well as high quality and correctness of manufacturing and testing. An artificial earth satellite or a modern aircraft is composed of tens of thousands of components (units). From a systems engineering perspective, these numerous components play a role in ensuring that the scheduled operations and missions are completed, but this effect is not equivalent. Some components, such as aircraft control machinery, engine speed