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蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术(SAGD)是开采稠油和油砂的有效技术。由于SAGD技术具有能耗大、CO2排放等缺点,在应用过程中,出现了多种对传统SAGD技术改进的新型SAGD技术,包括改变注采模式的SAGD技术和改良注入介质的SAGD技术。通过调研SAGD技术在国内外研究与应用情况,对U型井SAGD、快速SAGD、单井SAGD、SAGP、溶剂辅助SAGD及化学剂辅助SAGD等技术进行了介绍。分析认为,不同的新型SAGD技术具有不同的应用特点,所适应的地质条件和操作条件也有较大差异,应综合考虑油藏地质特征、经济效益等因素进行筛选与应用:存在顶水的油藏,建议采用SAGP技术减少蒸汽热损失;较为成熟的稠油油藏,建议采用溶剂辅助SAGD技术或化学剂辅助SAGD技术提高产量和采油速度;埋藏较浅的油藏,建议采用单井SAGD技术开采;非均质性较强的稠油油藏,可采用直井单井SAGD技术使蒸汽均匀扩展;渗透率较低的油藏,可优先采用快速SAGD技术。
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is an effective technique for producing heavy oil and oil sands. Due to the disadvantages of high energy consumption and CO2 emissions, SAGD technology has emerged in the course of its application. Many new SAGD technologies have been developed for the improvement of traditional SAGD technology, including SAGD technology for changing injection and injection modes and SAGD technology for improving injection media. Through the research of SAGD technology at home and abroad, the technologies of SAGD, SAGD, SAGD, SAGP, SAGD and SAGD were introduced. The analysis shows that different new SAGD technologies have different application characteristics, and the suitable geological conditions and operating conditions are quite different. Therefore, the selection and application of reservoir geological characteristics, economic benefits and other factors should be selected and applied: reservoirs with top water SAGP technology is recommended to reduce steam heat loss. For more mature heavy oil reservoirs, it is recommended to use solvent-assisted SAGD technology or chemical-assisted SAGD technology to increase production and oil recovery rate. For shallow buried reservoirs, single-well SAGD mining is suggested . In the highly heterogeneous heavy oil reservoirs, single-well vertical SAGD technology can be used to expand the steam evenly. For reservoirs with lower permeability, the fast SAGD technology can be used preferentially.