急性甲型肝炎是一种呈世界性分布的常见疾病,其临床表现形式多样,从无症状感染到暴发型肝炎。通常在儿童中甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)感染呈亚临床型,但成人感染HAV后可引起一定的发病率和死亡率。据报道,由HAV引起的暴发型肝炎较罕见,尤其当急性感染发生在40岁以上或伴有慢性肝病的患者时。大约有0.1％～0.5％的急性甲型肝炎患者发展成暴发型肝衰竭,其中约有半数患者死亡。 在公共卫生条件良好的工业化国家中, Acute hepatitis A is a common disease which is distributed worldwide. Its clinical manifestation is diverse, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant hepatitis. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is usually subclinical in children, but adult infection with HAV can cause some morbidity and mortality. It is reported that fulminant hepatitis caused by HAV is rare, especially when an acute infection occurs in patients over the age of 40 or with chronic liver disease. About 0.1% to 0.5% of patients with acute hepatitis A develop fulminant hepatic failure, and about half of them die. Among the industrialized countries with good public health conditions,