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一、产业组织研究的理论渊源(1)产业组织理论的萌芽。至19世纪60年代,西欧自由竞争的资本主义逐渐发展到顶点,并开始进入垄断资本主义过渡的阶段。这时,当英国著名经济学家A.马歇尔在研究分工与合作、大规模生产及企业的经营管理、企业形态等问题时,触及了“规模经济”现象。他在《经济学原理》一书中,首次提出了第四生产要素,即“组织”。马歇尔所提出的“组织”概念,包容了企业
First, the theoretical origins of industrial organization research (1) the sprout of industrial organization theory. By the 1860s, the free-competition capitalism in Western Europe gradually developed to its peak and began to enter the stage of monopoly capitalist transition. At this time, when the famous British economist A. Marshall studied issues such as division of labor and cooperation, large-scale production, management and operation of enterprises, and the formation of enterprises, he touched on the phenomenon of “economies of scale.” In his book Principles of Economics, he first proposed the fourth factor of production, namely “organization.” Marshall put forward the “organization ” concept, inclusive business