对于怀疑输尿管、肾盂或肾盏是否存在癌肿的病例,可以通过静脉尿路造影、逆行肾盂输尿管造影、动脉造影、尿细胞学检查以及尿pH测定等作为诊断的手段,但是,欲达到明确的诊断,有时是比较困难的。最可靠的确诊办法,是直接取出病变的组织进行细胞学检查和组织学检查,然而,这并非理想的方法。为此,作者设计一种简便易行而又准确的诊断技术,称之为“逆行刷法”(Re-trograde Brushing)。该法对于输尿管或肾的收集系统中有占位性病变的诊断准确率 Cases suspected to have ureter, renal pelvis or calyx cancer are diagnosed by venous urography, retrograde pyelography, arteriography, urinary cytology, and urinary pH measurement. However, in order to achieve a clear Diagnosis, sometimes more difficult. The most reliable diagnostic method is to directly remove the diseased tissue for cytology and histology, however, this is not the ideal method. To this end, the author designed a simple and accurate diagnostic technique, called “Re-trograde brushing” (Re-trograde Brushing). The law for the ureteral or renal collection system has space-occupying lesions in the diagnostic accuracy