固有免疫是在进化中形成的免疫机制,在对抗微生物的入侵方面,固有免疫的策略是通过模式识别受体(PRR)识别微生物的病原相关分子模式(PAMP)。Toll样受体是近年来在多种生物体内发现的一类介导固有免疫的细胞膜受体家族,它通过活化一系列与免疫相关的基因表达而发挥作用,在进化中表现高度的保守性,但其功能却随着动物进化中免疫机能的复杂化而多样化。对Toll样受体研究的深入可以加深我们对固有免疫的发生与进化的认识。 Innate immunity is an immune mechanism evolved during evolution. The strategy of innate immunity against microbial invasion is to identify the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of microorganisms through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors, a family of cell-membrane receptors mediating innate immunity found in various organisms in recent years, play a role in activating a series of immune-related gene expression and show a high degree of conservation in evolution. But its function is diversified with the complicated immune function in animal evolution. In-depth study of Toll-like receptors can deepen our understanding of the occurrence and evolution of innate immunity.