恶性肿瘤患者接受放疗所致,最严重的并发症之一是小肠辐射损伤.这种并发症最常见于妇科恶性肿瘤而接受放疗的患者.损伤机制辐射可通过长期转变,如点突变(point mutations).影响组织,但最常见的是立即引起分子水平的损害.电离辐射释出的能量,使细胞内部发生一系列的生化变化.由细胞内液产生的游离基和DNA相互作用,阻止DNA的复制、转录和蛋白合成.尽管有些损伤可能通过细胞内修复机制而被修复,但也有一些可以致命.由于各种细胞对电离辐射的敏感性不同,辐射损伤的临床表现也不相同.增殖快的细胞,如肠粘膜上皮细胞,对电离辐射最敏感,因此发生辐射损伤的危险也最大.临近的血管和间质结缔组织也同时受到辐射损伤而发生病理变 One of the most serious complications of malignant neoplasms is radiation damage to the small intestine, a complication that most commonly occurs in gynecologic malignancies undergoing radiotherapy. Radiation damage mechanisms can be induced by long-term changes such as point mutations However, the most common cause is immediate damage at the molecular level. The energy released by ionizing radiation causes a series of biochemical changes in the cell. The free radicals produced by the intracellular fluid interact with the DNA to prevent the DNA Replication, transcription and protein synthesis.Although some of the damage may be repaired by intracellular repair mechanism, but some can be fatal due to various cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation, the clinical manifestations of radiation damage are not the same. Cells, such as gut epithelial cells, are the most sensitive to ionizing radiation and thus have the greatest risk of radiation damage. The adjacent blood vessels and interstitial connective tissue are also affected by radiation damage and pathological changes