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钢轨残余应力是由于钢轨在轧制、焊接、淬火及运营过程中受外力,温度等作用而造成的内部固有应力。它影响钢轨的使用寿命。我们对我国铁路上大量使用的各种钢轨(包括新的50、60公斤普通标准轨、焊接轨、淬火轨以及在线路上使用一段时间以后的旧轨),做了钢轨表面及内部的纵向残余应力测定。本文总结了试验结果,并对各种钢轨的残余应力初步地进行了理论分析;在指出钢轨残余应力与疲劳断裂关系的同时,从残余应力角度分析了钢轨疲劳核伤的形成;从调整钢轨残余应力分布、减少残余拉应力,延长钢轨使用寿命的角度,对钢轨焊接、淬火工艺提出了一些改进意见。本项科研试验工作是在北京铁路局焊轨队及上海铁路局工务工厂的大力协作和支持下完成的。
Rail residual stress is due to the internal stress caused by the external force, temperature and other effects caused by the rail during rolling, welding, quenching and operation. It affects the service life of the rail. We made longitudinal residual stress on the rail surface and inside the rail (including the new 50, 60 kilograms of common standard rail, welded rail, quenched rail and old rail on the road after a period of time) Determination. In this paper, the test results are summarized and the residual stress of various rails is analyzed theoretically. The relationship between residual stress and fatigue fracture is pointed out. At the same time, the formation of rail fatigue nuclear damage is analyzed from residual stress. Stress distribution, reduce the residual tensile stress and extend the life of the rail point of view, the rail welding, quenching process put forward some improvements. This scientific research and experimental work is completed under the strong cooperation and support of Beijing Rail Bureau Welding Rail Team and Shanghai Railway Administration Works Factory.