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1918年11月11日,延续4年之久的第一次世界大战以英、美、法等国的胜利和德、奥等国的失败而告结束。1919年1月,获胜的协约国在巴黎凡尔赛宫召开和平会议。中华民国作为战胜国参加会议。中华民国代表在会上提出废除外国在华特权,取消二十一条等正当要求,均遭拒绝。会议竟决定日本接管德国在华的各种特权。对这丧权辱国的条约,中华民国代表居然准备签字承认。消息传来,举国震怒,群情激愤。以学生为先导的五四爱国运动就如火山爆发一般地开始了。
On November 11, 1918, the four-year-long World War I ended in the defeat of Britain, the United States, France and other countries and the failure of Germany and Austria. January 1919, the winning Allies held a peace conference at the Versailles Palace in Paris. Republic of China as victorious country to attend the meeting. At the meeting, the representative of the ROC denounced the legitimate request of abolishing foreign privileges in China and canceling Article 21. The meeting decided that Japan should take over various privileges of Germany in China. On this humiliating treaty, the representative of the ROC actually prepared to sign the recognition. The news came that the whole country was furious and lustful. The May Fourth patriotic movement led by students started as a volcanic eruption.