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本刊本期发表三篇讨论西方新文论的文章:美国一篇,法国一篇,另加一篇本刊主篇对此两文的读后记,合为一组。西方新文论种类不少,从“新批评”算起,就有心理分析、结构主义、女权主义、现象学、阐释学、接受美学、符号学、新马克思主义、后结构主义等等,所谈也不限于文学,而涉及哲学、心理、两性关系、政治制度、权力结构、社会文化、科技进展等等。这些学说在西方以及世界其它地区都引起了注意。中国也有了一些书和文章对它们作了介绍。但是似乎还缺乏一种对新文论作整体观的学术述评,特别是以一般读者为对象的短文。我们这次所选两篇未必就是这种理想的短文,但在同类文章之内,它们却是写得简明扼要的,而且都能针对全局性的大问题来谈。美国这一篇作者W·J·T·米彻尔是芝加哥大学英文系教授,《批评探索》杂志的主篇。这个杂志是提倡新文论的,他本人也居新理论家之列。他于1988年5月来北京外语学院等处讲学,此文为其讲稿之一。他列举了新文论的七个特点,然后逐点加以说明,写得清楚,也很有气势,大有扫荡一切之概,而这一点恰是美国新文论家的本色。相形之下,法国这一篇却用读书人的平静调子说话。作者是一位中年法国学者,在巴黎教书,也常去美国讲学。他在这篇原为法国《万象百科全书》的文章里既不歌颂,也不谴责,而是用法国文人特有的明晰的理智分析了几种主要理论,把它们放在历史之中,指出它们同西欧传统的关系,特别是法国人文学问中的两大传统,即耶稣会与本笃会的对立传统。这样就把所谓最新理论同古老的学问联系了起来,使读者得到一种深远的透视。纵观和透视正是我们所需要的。因此本刊请学者把这两篇难译的文章译了出来,以飨读者。
This issue issues three articles discussing Western literary criticism this year: one in the United States, one in France, and one in the journal of this journal for reading the two articles. There are many kinds of new literary theories in the West. From the “New Criticism”, there are psychological analysis, structuralism, feminism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, receptive aesthetics, semiotics, neo-Marxism and post-structuralism, etc. Talking is not limited to literature, but involves philosophy, psychology, gender relations, political system, power structure, social culture, technological progress and so on. These theories draw attention in the West and in other parts of the world. China also has some books and articles on them. However, there appears to be a lack of academic commentary on the holistic view of the new literary theory, especially for the average reader. The two articles we have chosen this time are not necessarily the essays of such an ideal, but they are both concise and concise in the context of similar articles, and they all address the big questions of the whole world. WJT Mitchell, a U.S. author, is a professor of English at the University of Chicago and the chief of Critical Exploration magazine. The magazine advocates new literary theory, and he himself ranks among the new theorists. He lectured at the Beijing Foreign Studies University in May 1988, and is one of the lectures. He enumerated seven characteristics of the new literary theory and then explained it point by point. It is clear and very impressive that it is a sweeping sweep of everything, precisely the true nature of the New American theorist. In contrast, this French one speaks in the calm and tone of the scribe. The author is a middle-aged French scholar, teaching in Paris, often to the United States to give lectures. Instead of blaming himself on this article originally published in the French “Vientiane Encyclopedia,” he analyzed several major theories by using the clear rationale unique to French writers and placed them in history, noting that they The two traditions of Western traditions, especially French humanities, namely the antinomies of the Jesuit and Benedictine traditions. This brings the so-called newest theory into contact with ancient scholarship, giving readers a far-reaching perspective. Looking and perspective is exactly what we need. Therefore, this journal invited scholars to translate these two hard-translated articles to readers.