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现代英语在其长期发展中没有形成能与“现在时”和“过去时”等量齐观的专门表示将来时间的特殊动词形式——“将来时”。相反,现代英语有几种表达将来时间的语法手段。未来性,形式和体是紧密联系的。将来时可以借助情态动词,半情态动词,一般现在时形式或进行时形式呈现出来。 Ⅰ 用情态动词will和shall表示将来时间 will或者’ll+不定式用于所有的人称;shall+不定式仅用于第一人称。例如: Ⅰwill/shall arrive tomorrow.He’ll be here in half an hour. 情态动词的表将来时的功能同表语气的功能几乎是不能分开的。但是‘shall’,特别是‘will’更接近于用来表达没有倾向性的,中立的将来时。在世界上说英语的对方,‘will’在表达将来时中可应用于任何人称,但‘shall’的应用很大程度上被限制在英国南部的英语中。
In its long-term development, modern English does not form a special form of verb - “in the future” that expresses the future time in exactly the same amount as “the present time” and “the past tense.” In contrast, modern English has several grammatical means for expressing time in the future. Future, form and body are closely linked. In the future, it can be presented by means of modal verbs, semi-modal verbs, general present-day forms or in-progress forms. I will use the modal verb will and shall indicate that the future time will be either ’ll + infinitive for all personalities; shall + infinitives only for first person. For example: Iwill / shall arrive tomorrow. He’ll be here in half an hour. Functions of modal verbs in the future when the function of the same table tone is almost inseparable. But ’shall’, especially ’will’, is closer to expressing a non-biased, neutral future. In the world speaking English, ’will’ can be applied to anyone in the future, but the application of ’shall’ is largely limited to English in southern England.