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美国国立卫生研究院生物标志物定义工作组将生物标志物定义为“一种具有能客观测量同时可用于评价一般生物过程、发病过程或医疗干预相关药物反应的指示物”[1]。大量正在进行的肺癌相关研究致力于探讨用于早期诊断和高风险预测的气道上皮细胞、痰液、呼气、尿液和血液中的生物标志物。在此,着重评述肺癌的循环生物标志物,尤其是循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTCs)与循环核酸(circulating nucleic acids,CNAs)。
The NIH Biomarker Working Group defines a biomarker as “an indicator that has the ability to objectively measure and at the same time be used to assess general biological processes, course of disease or medical intervention-related drug reactions” [1]. Numerous ongoing lung cancer related studies are dedicated to exploring biomarkers in airway epithelial cells, sputum, breath, urine and blood for early diagnosis and high-risk prediction. Here, we focus on the review of circulating biomarkers of lung cancer, especially circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating nucleic acids (CNAs).