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众所周知,头尾相接地摆放句子未必能构成一个语段。我们所说的语段,跟任何其他类型的结构一样,是由一系列重迭(overlap)的或相互联系的低层结构组成的,这些结构自然具有语音、语法和词汇方面的特征。 然而我们不得不遗憾地指出,虽然我们能够辨别比句调的层次更高的语音单位,但是一般说来,这对于我们的研究方向而言却仍显得是表层的。例如,我们当然可以识别在许多语段的开头语速的突然加快和音高的全面上升。另外,我们也可以随着语段的推进,辨认语速与音高的频繁升降。这些显然都有助于我们确定语段的界限和认知语段中的某些衔接形式,可它们并未明确地显示语段的内部结构。还有,正如一定的调形未必总是标志着一个语法句的结束一样,语音特征也并非始终跟语法语段或词汇语段相一致。由此可见,对于一个语段来说,语音材料并不是核心材料,而不过是起了一种证实的作用。
As we all know, placing sentences end to end may not constitute a passage. The phrase we say, like any other type of structure, consists of a series of overlapping or interrelated low-level structures that naturally have phonetic, grammatical and lexical features. However, we have to regret to point out that although we can discern phonological units that are higher than the tonal level, in general, this is still superficial to our research direction. For example, we can of course identify a sudden acceleration of the initial rate of speech in many segments and an overall rise in pitch. In addition, we can also identify the frequent rise and fall of speech rate and pitch as the speech progresses. All of this clearly helps us to determine the boundaries of the segment and some of the cohesion in the cognitive segment, but they do not explicitly show the internal structure of the segment. Also, just as certain shape adjustments may not always mark the end of a grammar sentence, the phonetic features do not always coincide with the grammar or lexical segment. Thus, for a language segment, voice material is not the core material, but played a confirmatory role.