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18世纪下半叶,北美殖民地问题成为当时英国的时政焦点,知识界人士纷纷公开表明自己的立场和态度。斯密是其中最为杰出的观察者之一,他提出了解决北美问题的两种可能———分离或合并。他的政策主张有两个意图,一是为了把英国从当时的财政窘境中解救出来;更为根本的,是为他一生不懈倡导的“自然自由”原则寻找一个最佳例证。他抨击英国的北美殖民地政策是以贸易管制和商业垄断为主要特征的重商主义体系,侵犯了“最神圣的人权”。斯密借北美问题达到了抨击重商主义和张扬具有现代平等色彩的“自然自由”理念的目的。
In the second half of the 18th century, North American colonialism became the focus of the current political situation in the United Kingdom at that time. All of the intellectuals publicly stated their positions and attitudes. Smith was one of the most prominent observers and he proposed two possibilities for resolving the North American issue - separation or consolidation. His policy advocated two intentions. One was to save Britain from the current financial dilemma. The more fundamental one was to find the best example of the principle of “natural freedom” that his life advocated tirelessly. He criticized Britain’s North American colonial policy as a mercantilist system characterized by trade controls and commercial monopoly, violating “the most sacred human rights.” Using the North American issue, Smith reached the goal of attacking mercantilism and publicizing the concept of “natural freedom” with modern and equal colors.