Owing to the high temperature of the thrust bearing pads, the No.1 unit wasn’t performed in the upgrading test at Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant. Through the experimental and theoretical analysis, it has been confirmed that the fault unit was caused by the high water pressure in the head-cover chamber. This type of the fault is out-of-the-way. After the suitable measure wags against the fault were taken, the No.1 unit can stably operate. The conclusions and the methodology are of the certain reference value to the fault-diagnosis of the hydroelectric unit. Owing to the high temperature of the thrust bearing pads, the No.1 unit was not performed in the upgrading test at Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant. Through the experimental and theoretical analysis, it has been confirmed that the fault unit was caused by the high water This type of the fault is out-of-the-way. After the suitable measure wags against the fault were taken, the No.1 unit can stably operate. The conclusions and the methodology are of the certain reference value to the fault-diagnosis of the hydroelectric unit.