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目的分析泉州市1979-2008年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行特征,为进一步了解泉州市流脑流行情况、有效控制流脑提供科学依据。方法对泉州市1979-2008年的流脑疫情资料进行分析。结果泉州市1979-2008年报告流脑8318例,年平均发病率为4.71/10万,死亡245人,年平均死亡率0.14/10万,病死率为2.95%。有明显的冬春季发病高峰,1～4月病例数占总病例数的84.44%。农村的发病率明显高于城区,农村、城市平均发病率分别为6.01/10万、3.33/10万。年龄组发病率居前3位的是0～岁、5～岁、15～岁,分别占发病数的28.24%、18.56%、13.40%。学生发病最多占36.21%,其次为散居儿童占33.06%,第三为农民占16.94%。流行菌群以A群为主,B、C群病例呈散在发生。结论1982年起实施流脑疫苗接种后,流脑发病率及死亡率大幅度下降,提示加强疫情监测,加大健康教育宣传力度,提高流脑疫苗的接种率,推广接种A+C流脑疫苗,对预防和控制流脑的发生具有重要的意义。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (meningococcal meningitis) from 1979 to 2008 in Quanzhou, and provide a scientific basis for further understanding of epidemic encephalitis in Quanzhou and effective control of meningococcal meningitis. Methods The data of epidemic encephalitis in Quanzhou from 1979 to 2008 were analyzed. Results In 1979-2008, Quanzhou reported 8318 cases of meningitis with an average annual incidence rate of 4.71 / 100 000 and 245 deaths. The annual average death rate was 0.14 / 100,000 and the case fatality rate was 2.95%. There is a clear peak in winter and spring incidence, from January to April the number of cases accounted for 84.44% of the total number of cases. The incidence of rural areas was significantly higher than that of urban areas. The average incidence rates in rural areas and urban areas were 6.01 / 100,000 and 3.33 / 100,000 respectively. The incidence of the top three age group is 0 ~ 5 years old, 15 ~ years old, accounting for 28.24%, 18.56%, 13.40% respectively. Students accounted for the highest incidence of 36.21%, followed by scattered children accounted for 33.06%, the third for farmers accounted for 16.94%. The group A is the predominant flora, while the group B and C are scattered. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of meningitis dropped significantly after the implementation of meningococcal vaccination in 1982, which suggested that we should strengthen the monitoring of epidemic situation, intensify publicity of health education, increase the vaccination rate of meningococcal vaccine and promote the vaccination of A + C meningitis vaccine , Is of great significance for the prevention and control of the occurrence of meningitis.