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当一种流体流入另一种密度不同的流体时,就会形成异重流。本文将研究一种轻浮水源连续排放到密度为常数的运动流体表面上所形成的异重流。淡水泄入海水以及冷却水排放到河流或海洋中等情况都属于此类问题。异重流可按沿垂线平均的二维长波方程进行分析。将流场分成两个区域分别加以研究:一个是近区,它包括掺混和超临界流;另一个是中区,它包括非掺混过渡流(包含急流和缓流)。两个流场区都可采用数值法求解。所得的结果与水力试验和现场资料进行了对比,验证良好。水力试验是在科内尔大学层化水流池中将辐射状轻浮水源注入流动水体,现场资料则取的是一个河口的淡水下泄。
When one kind of fluid flows into another fluid with different densities, a heavy flow will be formed. In this paper, we study the continuous flow of a light water source into a gravity flow formed on the surface of a moving fluid with a constant density. Such problems arise when fresh water is released into seawater and cooling water is discharged into rivers or the sea. Heterogeneous flows can be analyzed along a two-dimensional long-wave equation averaged vertically. The flow field is divided into two areas separately: one is the near zone, which includes the blending and supercritical flows; and the other is the mid zone, which includes the non-blended transitional flows (including rapid and slow flow). Both flow field areas can be solved numerically. The results obtained are compared with the hydraulic test and field data and verified well. Hydrodynamic tests inject radiant frivolous sources of water into flowing waters at the Kenener University stratified runoff pool, where the field data is taken from a freshwater runoff at an estuary.