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根据1958-2013各年代长江河口河槽海图水深资料,利用Arcmap地图分析软件建立不同时期的水深数据库,以河口河槽水体和泥沙容量为研究对象,结合典型潮汐过程和典型年代水沙同步实测资料,计算长江口各分汊河槽最大理论进潮量和悬沙含量,探讨近50年来长江分汊型河口河槽水体和泥沙容量的变化过程和影响因素。结果表明:1北港河槽总体稳定,南港河槽仍处于发育阶段,南港河槽发育中心在南港下段,北港河槽上段区域略有萎缩;2目前,南、北槽河槽由于工程影响仍处于持续调整过程中,进潮量主增区域在南港和南槽,北槽发育模式已经被固定和限制。3近30年来,由于流域来水来沙减少,同时北槽深水航道工程的建设,使南、北槽进潮量和悬沙通量及其比例均发生了显著变化;4南北港水道悬沙量主要集中于北港下段及南北槽区域,其洪枯季悬沙含量的变化主要受冬夏季风和海洋动力条件的影响。
According to the water depth data of the Yangtze River estuary and river basins in 1958-2013, the water depth database of different periods was established by Arcmap map analysis software. Taking the estuarine and river waterway and sediment capacity as the research object, combining the typical tidal process and the typical measured data , Calculating the maximum theoretical tidal volume and suspended sediment content of each branch fluvial channel in the Yangtze Estuary, and discussing the changing process and influencing factors of the water body and sediment capacity of the fluvial trough in the Yangtze River in the past 50 years. The results show that: (1) The North Harbor channel is generally stable, the South Harbor channel is still in the developmental stage, the Nangang channel development center is slightly lower in the lower part of Nankang and the upper section of the North Harbor channel; (2) At present, due to the impact of the project, The main inflow area of tidal volume is fixed and limited in the Nankang and South Slot, North Slot. In the recent 30 years, due to the decrease of water coming and going in the basin and the construction of the deep channel in the northern channel, both the tidal volume and the suspended sediment flux in the south and north channels and their proportions have undergone significant changes; The amount mainly concentrated in the lower part of North Harbor and the area of the north-south trough. The change of suspended sediment content in flood season was mainly affected by the winter monsoon and oceanic dynamic conditions.