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采用阳离子捕收剂HAY和脂肪酸类捕收剂GJBW对采自贵州织金硅钙质磷矿床的石英试样进行可浮性试验。结果表明,HAY比GJBW更易吸附于石英表面,2个试样可浮性存在差异。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及X射线能谱、Zeta-电位对石英晶体结构及表面特性进行分析。X射线衍射分析结果表明,2份试样物相组成单一,纯度高,结晶粒度较大。晶胞参数分析计算结果与理论值接近,偏大,晶胞参数偏差是影响石英可浮性的主要因素。扫描电镜及能谱分析表明:石英表面存在凹坑和明显棱角,晶体表面存在微量的Al、Mg和K等元素对石英进行活化,其相对密度越大,石英可浮性越好。Zeta-电位分析结果表明,石英零电点较低,石英表面金属离子使石英Zeta电位负移,石英表面电负性强,在弱酸条件下使用阳离子捕收剂HAY对其浮选效果较好。推测石英表面杂质元素可能是以类质同象进入石英晶体结构,对石英表面特性及可浮性影响较大。
The flotation test was carried out on quartz samples collected from Guizhou Zhijin Si-Ca phosphate rock by cationic collector HAY and fatty acid collector GJBW. The results show that HAY is more easily adsorbed on the quartz surface than GJBW, and there are differences in the floatability between the two samples. The crystal structure and surface properties of quartz were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and Zeta-potential. X-ray diffraction analysis results show that the two samples have a single phase, high purity and large grain size. The result of unit cell parameter analysis is close to the theoretical value, and the parameter deviation of unit cell is the main factor affecting the floatability of quartz. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis show that there are pits and obvious edges and corners on the quartz surface. Al, Mg and K elements exist on the surface of the quartz to activate the quartz. The larger the relative density, the better the floatability of the quartz. The results of Zeta-potential analysis show that the zero point of quartz is low, the quartz surface metal ions negatively shift the Zeta potential of quartz, and the surface of quartz has strong electronegativity. The use of cationic collector HAY under weak acid conditions has a good flotation effect. It is speculated that the quartz surface impurity elements may enter the quartz crystal structure by the phenomenon of isomorphism, which has a great influence on the surface properties and floatability of quartz.