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[目的]了解烟台市农村饮用水毒理学指标状况,为改善农村居民饮水情况、保障农村居民饮水安全提供技术支撑。[方法]随机选择烟台市农村地区的小型集中式供水点作为枯水期、丰水期的监测点,每个监测点采集出厂水、末梢水各1份,检测砷、氟、硝酸盐氮。[结果]2008～2010年烟台市农村生活饮用水毒理学指标中,砷合格率均为100.00%,氟合格率为99.21%,各年间,枯、丰水期间,不同水源地及不同处理方式间合格率差异均无统计学意义。硝酸盐氮平均合格率为67.83%,各年间硝酸盐氮合格率枯水期和丰水期差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),均以2009年为最低(分别为61.33%和55.08%);枯水期和丰水期间硝酸盐氮差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),枯水期合格率高于丰水期;不同水源地间硝酸盐氮合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中以水库为水源的水质合格率最高(90.18%),以深井和浅井为水源的水质合格率最低,分别为65.78%和65.93%;不同处理方式间硝酸盐氮合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中完全处理的水质合格率最高(93.33%),未处理的水质合格率最低(63.33%)。[结论]烟台市农村生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率较高,主要不合格指标为硝酸盐氮,说明水质受到含氮有机物污染。
[Objective] To understand the status quo of drinking water toxicology indicators of rural drinking water in Yantai, to provide technical support for improving drinking water conditions of rural residents and safeguarding drinking water safety of rural residents. [Method] The small centralized water supply points in rural areas of Yantai were randomly selected as monitoring points in dry season and wet season. One sampling of ex-factory water and peripheral water was collected at each monitoring point to detect arsenic, fluorine and nitrate nitrogen. [Results] The toxicological indicators of rural drinking water in Yantai from 2008 to 2010 were 100.00% pass rate and 99.21% pass rate of fluorine. In all years, dry and wet areas, different water sources and different treatment methods There was no significant difference in pass rate. The average pass rate of nitrate nitrogen was 67.83%. The passing rate of nitrate nitrogen in each year was significantly lower than that in dry season and wet season (all P <0.05), the lowest in 2009 (61.33% and 55.08% respectively). The difference of nitrate nitrogen in dry season and wet season was statistically significant (P <0.05), and the pass rate in dry season was higher than that in wet season. The difference of nitrate passing rate among different water sources was statistically significant (P <0.05) The qualified rate of water quality of reservoir is the highest (90.18%), and the qualified rate of water with deep and shallow wells is the lowest, which are 65.78% and 65.93% respectively. There is significant difference in pass rate of nitrate between different treatments (P < 0.05). Among them, the highest pass rate of the completely treated water (93.33%) and the lowest pass rate of the unprocessed water (63.33%). [Conclusion] The qualified rate of toxicological indicators of drinking water in rural areas of Yantai City was high. The main unqualified indicator was nitrate nitrogen, which indicated that the water quality was contaminated by nitrogenous organic matter.