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心脏受迷走神经和交感神经的双重自主神经支配,其在心房颤动(简称房颤)的发生和发展过程中有不同作用。迷走神经刺激有缩短心房有效不应期、缩短动作电位时程以及增加动作电位时程离散度的效应,增加房颤的可诱发性。乙酰胆碱存在时,快速刺激易诱发房颤。交感神经主要通过增加心房、肺静脉、Marshall韧带等部位的异位电活动增加房颤可诱发性。心交感神经和心迷走神经平时都有一定程度的冲动发放,两者相互影响、相互抑制,在心脏的神经调节中共同发挥作用,并且也是房性心律失常常见的触发因素。
The heart is dominated by the vagus nerve and the sympathetic double autonomic nervous system, which play different roles in the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Vagus nerve stimulation can shorten the effective refractory period of the atria, shorten the action potential duration and increase the action potential duration dispersion effect, increase the inductivity of atrial fibrillation. In the presence of acetylcholine, rapid stimulation can induce atrial fibrillation. Sympathetic nerves increase atrial fibrillation inducibility primarily by increasing ectopic electrical activity in the atria, pulmonary veins, and the ligament of Marshall. Sympathetic and vagal nerve usually have a certain degree of impulsive release, the two affect each other, inhibit each other, play a role in the regulation of the heart’s nerve, and is also a common triggers of atrial arrhythmia.