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本章教材写的是14—16世纪西欧封建社会大变革的历史,全章贯穿着一条基本线索:西欧封建制度的解体和资本主义的兴起。 14世纪首先在意大利北部的一些城市出现了资本主义生产的最初萌芽,随后,资本主义生产在西欧的一些主要国家兴起。新生的资本主义冲击着旧的封建制度,导致了一系列重大历史事件的发生。新航路的开辟和伴随它而来的殖民掠夺,是西欧社会经济发展的必然产物,同时,又为新兴资产阶级开辟了广阔的活动场所,加速了西欧资本主义
The textbooks in this chapter cover the history of the great changes in the feudal society of the 14th and 16th centuries in Western Europe. The whole chapter runs through a basic clue: the dissolution of the feudal system in Western Europe and the rise of capitalism. In the 14th century, the earliest sprouts of capitalist production first appeared in some cities in northern Italy. Subsequently, capitalist production rose in some of the major countries in Western Europe. The new capitalism impacted the old feudal system, leading to a series of major historical events. The opening up of the new route and the colonial plunder that accompanies it are the inevitable outcome of the socio-economic development of Western Europe. At the same time, it has opened up a vast venue for the new bourgeoisie and accelerated the development of Western European capitalism.