教育实验是教育科学研究中最重要的:一种研究方法。它的主要作用是,探索研究对象内部的因果联系,查明某种教育现象产生的直接原因;对新的教育理论、假说的实际效果进行检验,以便确定它的可行性。任何一种新的教育观点、新的教育决策,在未经过科学验证之前,都不应该冒然推广执行。中小学教师运用实验法实施教育科研最为适宜的是自然实验法,即是在普通的教室里,于正常的教学条件下,使自己的学生成为教育实验的被试。这是一个教师得天独厚的科研条件。通常的教育实验设计,可以分为三种类型: 一、单组实验。它是教育实验最初级、原始的设计形式,故有人称之为“前实验设计”。所谓单 Educational experiment is the most important in educational scientific research: a research method. Its main role is to explore the causal connection within the research object, to identify the direct cause of a certain educational phenomenon; to test the new educational theory, the actual effect of the hypothesis, in order to determine its feasibility. Any new educational ideas and new educational decisions should not be promoted and implemented without scientific verification. The most appropriate method for primary and secondary school teachers to use experimental methods to implement educational research is natural experimentation, that is, in ordinary classrooms, under normal teaching conditions, make their own students become subjects of educational experiments. This is a unique research condition for teachers. The usual educational experiment design can be divided into three types: First, a single set of experiments. It is the initial level of the educational experiment and the original design form, so it was called “pre-experimental design.” So-called single