一、前言生物技术被称为信息技术革命之后的又一次革命。美国政府将之定义为“使用生物体及其细胞的、亚细胞的和分子的组成部分来制造产品或改良植物、动物和微生物以使其具有所期望的品质的技术”。生物技术研究重点包括基因工程、克隆工程、微生物工程、细胞工程、酶工程及发酵工程等六大工程。它广泛地应用于医药、农业、工业、环保等领域。其中60%以上的实际应用是在医药行业,采 I. Introduction Biotechnology is known as another revolution after the revolution in information technology. The U.S. government defines it as “a technique that uses organisms and their cellular, subcellular and molecular components to make products or to modify plants, animals and microbes to have the desired quality.” Biotechnology research priorities include genetic engineering, cloning engineering, microbiology engineering, cell engineering, enzyme engineering and fermentation engineering six major projects. It is widely used in medicine, agriculture, industry, environmental protection and other fields. More than 60% of the actual application is in the pharmaceutical industry