马克思主义奠基者在现实主义问题上,他们观点的发展的一个新阶段,如上文所指出的,始于五十年代末。也正是从这个时期起,马克思和恩格斯才开始把“现实主义”不作为一般哲学或者重要的实践范畴来使用,因为“现实主义”这个术语在他们早期著作里就具有这方面的意义,而将其作为文学史和美学史上那种本来意义的一个术语。我们在恩格斯一八五九年五月十八日写给斐迪南·拉萨尔的那封专门分析后者的《弗兰茨·冯·济金根》这出悲剧的信里,才第一次碰到具有新的含义的“现实主义”这个术语。悲剧《弗兰茨·冯·济金根》是拉萨尔在一八五八至一八五九年间写的。拉萨尔把十六世纪德国历史上的一个戏剧性的故事。即一五二二至一五二三年士瓦本和莱茵的一次骑士起义,作为他的悲剧的情节基 On the issue of realism, Marxist founders set forth a new stage in the development of their point of view, as indicated above, beginning in the late 1950s. It is also from this period that Marx and Engels began to use “realism” not as a general philosophy or as an important category of practice because the term “realism” has its significance in their early writings, and Use it as a term in the history of literature and the history of aesthetics. The tragedy of the letter “Franz von Zijingen”, which we wrote to Ferdinand Larsall on May 18, 1859, which we analyzed exclusively, was the first Met with the new meaning of the term “realism.” The tragedy “Franz von Zijingen” was written by Lazar in 1858-1859. Lazar put a dramatic story in the history of the sixteenth century in Germany. A knightly revolt of Swabian and the Rhine in 1522-522, as the plot base of his tragedy