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目的分析农村妇女贫血的影响因素。方法以江苏启东市农村地区50～75岁妇女为研究对象,经血红蛋白(Hb)筛查和基本健康状况询问,按年龄匹配,各选择420名妇女纳入病例组和对照组,对两组的一般状况、饮食情况进行问卷调查,测定相关血液生化指标。结果共获得有效样本387对,病例组和对照组妇女经历食物短缺比例分别为16.4%,9.3%(χ2=9.36,P=0.002),腰围分别为(73.4±9.2)、(79.8±9.4)cm(t=9.61,P<0.0001),体质指数(BMI)分别为(22.3±3.5)、(24.3±3.6)kg/m2(t=7.74,P<0.0001)。病例组和对照组总蛋白分别为(82.3±6.2)、(83.7±5.1)g/L(t=3.39,P=0.0007),白蛋白分别为(50.2±3.2)、(51.0±2.9)g/L(t=3.70,P=0.0002),血清铁分别为(15.5±5.3)、(18.8±5.4)μmol/L(t=8.48,P<0.0001),铁蛋白分别为(124.8±93.5)、(154.5±97.2)ng/ml(t=4.36,P<0.0001),转铁蛋白饱和度分别为(25.4±9.6)%,(29.9±9.4)%(t=6.58,P<0.0001)。多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,是否经历食物短缺、BMI、豆类及其制品的OR值及95%CI分别为:1.09(1.02～1.16),0.37(0.27～0.50),0.70(0.51～0.95)。结论启东农村地区中老年贫血妇女的膳食质量、体格状况和相关血液指标均较低,经历过食物短缺、豆类及其制品摄入量、BMI为贫血的影响因素。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of anemia in rural women. Methods A total of 420 women from 50 to 75 years old in rural Qidong, Jiangsu Province were enrolled in this study. According to Hb screening and basic health conditions, 420 women of each choice were enrolled in the case and control groups. Status, diet, questionnaire survey, determination of blood biochemical indicators. Results A total of 387 valid samples were obtained. The cases of food shortage experienced 16.4%, 9.3% (χ2 = 9.36, P = 0.002) and waist circumference were (73.4 ± 9.2) and (79.8 ± 9.4) cm (t = 9.61, P <0.0001) and body mass index (BMI) were (22.3 ± 3.5) and (24.3 ± 3.6) kg / m2, respectively. Total protein in case group and control group were (82.3 ± 6.2), (83.7 ± 5.1) g / L (t = 3.39, P = 0.0007) and albumin were (50.2 ± 3.2) and (51.0 ± 2.9) g / (P <0.0001), and ferritin were (124.8 ± 93.5) and (18.8 ± 5.4) μmol / L respectively (t = 3.70, P = 0.0002) 154.5 ± 97.2 ng / ml (t = 4.36, P <0.0001). The transferrin saturation was (25.4 ± 9.6)% and (29.9 ± 9.4)% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ORs and 95% CIs of BMI, legumes and their products were 1.09 (1.02-1.16), 0.37 (0.27-0.50), 0.70 (0.51-0.95) . Conclusion The dietary quality, physical status and related blood indexes of middle-aged and elderly people with anemia in rural areas of Qidong are low. They experienced food shortage, intake of beans and their products, and BMI as the influencing factors of anemia.