目的了解西安市儿童超重/肥胖的发病情况,为制定有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群随机抽样的方法抽取西安市7岁以下儿童10 374人,男5 498人,女4 876人。以WHO 2007身高别体重肥胖标准作为诊断超重和肥胖的指标,并抽取3岁及以上的超重/肥胖儿童606例,选择正常体重儿童763例为对照,向以上儿童家长发放自行设计的问卷,对超重/肥胖的影响因素进行多元回归分析,以儿童是否超重/肥胖为因变量(即:是=1,否=0),儿童性别、年龄、出生体重、母亲生产方式、母乳喂养情况、父母受教育程度、家庭经济情况、儿童健康饮食情况和运动情况为自变量,进行多因素Logistic回归模型分析。结果 1)2013年7岁以下儿童的超重率为16.87%,肥胖率为8.18%。其中男童超重1 008例,超重率为18.33%,肥胖491例,肥胖率为8.93%;女童超重742例,超重率为15.21%,肥胖358例,肥胖率7.92%,男童超重/肥胖率均显著高于女童,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=17.898,8.677,P均<0.001)。2)Logistic回归分析显示:父母肥胖、家庭收入高、经常喝甜饮料、食欲好、进食速度快是儿童超重/肥胖的危险因素。父亲受教育程度高、代养人为父母是儿童超重/肥胖的保护因素。结论西安市7岁以下儿童超重/肥胖率处于较高水平,男童高于女童。儿童超重/肥胖受多种因素共同影响。 Objective To understand the incidence of overweight / obesity in children in Xi’an and provide a theoretical basis for making effective interventions. Methods A total of 10 374 children under 7 years of age were enrolled in this study. Among them, 5 498 were male and 4876 were female. According to the WHO 2007 body fat and fat-free body weight index, 606 cases of overweight / obesity children aged 3 years and over were selected, 763 children of normal weight were selected as controls, self-designed questionnaires were distributed to parents of these children, Multivariate regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of overweight / obesity, whether the children were overweight / obese as dependent variables (ie = 1 or not = 0), sex, age, birth weight, mother’s pattern of production, breastfeeding status, Education level, family economic status, children’s healthy diet and exercise status as independent variables, and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results 1) In 2013, the rate of overweight in children under 7 years of age was 16.87% and the obesity rate was 8.18%. The overweight rate was 18.33%, the obesity rate was 8.93%, the overweight rate was 8.92%, the overweight rate was 15.21%, the obesity rate was 35.2%, the obesity rate was 7.92%, and the overweight / obesity rate was Were significantly higher than girls, the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 17.898,8.677, P <0.001). 2) Logistic regression analysis showed that parents were obese, their family income was high, they often drank sweet drinks, they had good appetite and fast eating rate were risk factors of children overweight / obesity. The high level of education of fathers and adoptive parents are the protective factors of overweight / obesity in children. Conclusion The overweight / obesity rate of children under 7 years of age in Xi’an is at a high level, while that of boys is higher than that of girls. Children overweight / obesity are affected by many factors.