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目的调查孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿养育者育儿自我效能感(PSE)现状,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用自制一般资料调查表和育儿自我效能感测评工具(TOPSE)对确诊为ASD的患儿养育者进行调查。结果 165名ASD患儿养育者接受调查,其PSE总均分为6.611±1.003,处于中等水平,各维度得分由高至低依次为:学习、自我接纳、共情、情感、玩耍、压力、控制力、自律/规则制定。共情(△R2=0.708,P<0.05)和自律/规则制定(△R2=0.153,P<0.05)自我效能感对PSE影响最大。女性养育者的PSE水平显著高于男性(P<0.05)。城镇患儿养育者的PSE显著高于农村(P<0.05)。养育者的PSE因学历不同存在差异,学历越高,PSE越高(P<0.05)。结论应根据养育者受教育程度,采取个体化的亲子教育模式,对养育者进行培训,以提高其PSE水平,为ASD患儿的康复训练营造有利的家庭环境。
Objective To investigate the status of parental self-efficacy (PSE) in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and provide the basis for making interventions. Methods A self-made general data questionnaire and Parental Self-Efficacy Assessment Tool (TOPSE) were used to investigate the children who were diagnosed as ASD. Results A total of 165 children with ASD were enrolled in this study. The average PSE score was 6.611 ± 1.003, which was at the middle level. The scores of descending order of all dimensions were as follows: study, self acceptance, empathy, emotion, play, stress, control Force, self-regulation / rule-making. PSE was the most affected by empathy (△ R2 = 0.708, P <0.05) and self-regulation / rule making (△ R2 = 0.153, P <0.05). The PSE level of female foster was significantly higher than that of male (P <0.05). The PSE in urban children was significantly higher than that in rural areas (P <0.05). PSE breeders due to differences in academic qualifications, higher education, higher PSE (P <0.05). Conclusion According to the educational level of the breeders, a personalized parenting model should be adopted to educate the breeders so as to improve their PSE level and create a favorable family environment for the rehabilitation of children with ASD.