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目的了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的饮食行为,探讨改善ASD儿童饮食行为问题的方法,为指导ASD儿童的科学喂养提供依据。方法病例组为来自青岛某医院和某孤独症康复训练学校的2~6岁ASD儿童128例,对照组为青岛市数家幼儿园正常儿童133名,采用自编的儿童饮食行为问卷调查比较两组儿童的10种饮食行为与10类食物的选择情况。结果病例组每位ASD儿童出现饮食行为问题的总数是(5.9±1.9)个,高于对照组每位儿童的(4.7±2.4)个(Z=-4.068,P<0.05);ASD儿童进餐时离开饭桌的发生率为93.0%,需喂食的发生率为88.3%,吐食物的发生率为71.1%,扔食物的发生率为47.7%,尖叫的发生率为36.7%,而对照组儿童分别为73.7%,71.4%,58.6%,23.3%和17.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。食物选择方面,病例组ASD儿童拒绝食用杂粮、豆类和鱼虾贝类的报告率均超过了30%,明显高于对照组(均不足20%);病例组儿童食用水果的报告率为89.8%,而对照组儿童均食用水果,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论 ASD儿童普遍存在多种饮食行为问题,建议采取有效的干预措施进行矫正。
Objective To understand the dietary behavior of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and to explore ways to improve the dietary behavior of children with ASD, providing a basis for guiding the scientific feeding of ASD children. Methods The case group consisted of 128 ASD children aged 2 ~ 6 years from a hospital in Qingdao and an autism rehabilitation training school. The control group consisted of 133 normal children in several kindergartens in Qingdao. The self-compiled questionnaire of children’s diet behavior was used to compare two groups 10 kinds of children’s diet and 10 kinds of food choices. Results The total number of dietary behavior problems per ASD children in the case group was 5.9 ± 1.9, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (4.7 ± 2.4) (Z = -4.068, P <0.05) The incidence of leaving the table was 93.0%, the incidence of need for feeding was 88.3%, the incidence of spit food was 71.1%, the incidence of food throwing was 47.7% and the incidence of screaming was 36.7% Were 73.7%, 71.4%, 58.6%, 23.3% and 17.3%, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.05). In the aspect of food selection, the ASD children in the case group rejected more than 30% of the reported miscellaneous grains, beans and fish and shellfish, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (both less than 20%). The reported rate of children eating fruit in the case group was 89.8 %, While children in the control group were eating fruits, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P all <0.05). Conclusion There are many dietary behavior problems in children with ASD. It is suggested that effective interventions should be taken to correct them.